Operating System

An operating system (OS) is a colection of computer programs that manage the hardware and software resources of a computer.An operating system processes unprocessed system and user input and responds by allocating and managing tasks and interior system resources as a service to users and programs of the system. At the establishment of all system software, an operating system performs basic tasks such as controlling and allocating memory, prioritizing system requests, controlling input and output devices, facilitating networking and managing file systems. mainly operating systems come with an application that provides an interface to the OS managed resources. These applications have been command line interpreter as a basic user interface, but more recently have been implemented as a graphical user interface (GUI) for easiness of operation. Operating Systems themselves have no user interfaces, and the user of an OS is an application, not a person. The operating system forms a platform for other system software and for application software. Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS are some of the most popular OS's

Network Monitoring

The term network monitoring describes the use of a system that always monitors a computer network for slow or failing systems and that notifies the network administrator in case of outages via email, pager or other alarms. It is a subset of the functions occupied in network management.

While an interruption detection system monitors a network for threats from the outside, a network monitoring system monitors the network for troubles due to overloaded and/or crashed servers, network connections or other devices.

usually measured metrics are response time and availability (or uptime), although both consistency and reliability metrics are starting to increase popularity.Status request failures, such as when a connection cannot be established, it times-out, or the document or message cannot be retrieved, usually produce an action from the monitoring system. These actions vary: an alarm may be sent out to the resident (SMS, email,...) sysadmin, automatic failover systems may be activated to remove the disturbed server from duty until it can be repaired, etcetera.Monitoring the performance of a network uplink is also known as network traffic measurement, and more software is listed there.

Landscape Archaeology

Landscape archaeology refers to a method of studying past people and their material culture in the context of the wider environment. The landscape may be large, such as a wide marshy river delta or small, like a back garden. It is often employed in cultural resources management to recognize exposed sites. Landscape archeology addresses the difficult issues of the behavior that people intentionally and deliberately shaped the land around them.

The inquiry of what exactly constitutes a site has been discussed at length by generations of archaeologists.. Areas of examination are not restricted to the boundaries of an excavation but can instead stretch for many miles. Excavation is typically impractical on such a scale and landscape archaeologists hub on the visible features that can be recognized and recorded on the ground surface to create a picture of human activity across a region.

Archaeological features covered just below the surface often leave tell-tale 'lumps and bumps', plough action in fields can lift archaeological material to the surface, in areas of restricted human activity, worked flint scatters can survive untouched for many centuries and standing buildings and field boundaries can be of great antiquity yet archaeologically unexamined.

Information Technology

Information technology (IT), is the study, design, development, implementation, support or administration of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware.In short, IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to transfer, store, protect, process, transmit and get back information, securely.

In this definition, the term "information" can frequently be replaced by "data" without loss of meaning. Recently it has become popular to widen the term to explicitly consist of the field of electronic communication so that people tend to use the abbreviation ICT (Information and Communication Technology). Strictly speaking, this name contains some redundancy.

Today, the term Information Technology has distended to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more identifiable than ever before. The Information Technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields. IT professionals achieve a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases.